S 编码器
装设变频器时安装方向是否有限制。
应基本收藏在盘内，问题是采用全封闭结构的盘外形尺寸大，占用空间大，成本比较高。其措施有：
（1）盘的设计要针对实际装置所需要的散热；
（2）利用铝散热片、翼片冷却剂等增加冷却面积；
（3） 采用热导管。
此外，已开发出变频器背面可以外露的型式。
35、想原有输送带的速度，以80Hz运转，变频器的容量该怎样选择？
设基准速度为50Hz,50Hz以上为恒功率输出特性。像输送带这样的恒转矩特性负载增速时，容量 需要增大为80/50≈1.6倍。电机容量也像变频器一样增大
直流稳压电源是常用的电子设备，它能保证在电网电压波动或负载发生变化时，输出稳定的电压。一个低纹波、的稳压源在仪器仪表、工业控制及测量领域中有着重要的实际应用价值。本设计给出的稳压电源的输出电压范围为0～18 V，额定工作电流为0.5 A，并具有"+"、"-"步进电压调节功能，其小步进为0.05 V，纹波不大于10 mV，此外，还可用LCD液晶显示器显示其输出电压值。
系统硬件设计
本系统由电源模块、调压模块、D/A转换模块、显示与键盘模块组成。
1.1系统电源模块
220 V市电经220 V/17.5 V变压器降压后得到的双17.5 V交流电压，经过一个全桥整流后可得到±21 V两路电压，其中一路+21 V电压供给调整管，作为电源对外输出，另一路经三端稳压器7815得到+15 V，再经过7805得到+5 V的电压。-21 V的电压则经三端稳压器MC7915得到-15 V电压，以作为系统本身的工作电源。
1.2电压调整模块
该稳压电源中的电压调整模块电路中的调整管采用复合管形式(由Q1、Q3组成)，以实现大电流输出，由于该设计要求Iomax=0.5 A，Iomin=0 A，Pm=(Vimax-Vomin)Iomax=(18-0)×0.5=9 W，因此，本电路中的调整管可选TIP41(其Icmax=6 A>Iomax=0.5 A；Pcw=65 W>9 W，VCEOmax=100 V>18 V)，当然，也可以选用2N5832。
电路的比较放大采用运放NE5534来设计，该器件具有共模抑制比高，响应速度快和压摆率高的特点。设计时可由R10、R11A、R12组成分压取样电路，并要求R10/(R11A+R12)=1/4，即当输出电压存在△UO=0.05 V时，△Ua=0.04 V，这与DAC的输出(10/255=0.04V=1LSB)变化一致。事实上，经过DAC转换以将电流转换为电压并进行电压放大后，即可将得到的10 V电压送比较器NE54534的同相端作为比较的基准电压。由于DAC0832是8位的D/A转换器，故有255步进。由此，当CPU控制DAC变化1LSB时，其对应Va的变化为0.04 V，故Uout的可调变化量为0.05 V(步长)。NE5534和Q1、Q3及取样电路构成的负反馈电路可实现调节输出电压的目的(稳压)。
电路中的过流保护由R9与02完成。当Io>0.7A时，VR9=R9Io≥1×0.7=0.7 V，此时Q2导通，并对调整管Q3的基分流，使TIP41的导通电阻增大，输出电压降低，从而达到过流保护的目的。必要时，也可接入一红色发光二管作为过流指示。该系统的短路保护采用保险管来完成。
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