西门子6ES7193-4CA70-0AA0 分散型
变频器是应用变频技术与微电子技术,通过改变电机工作电源频率方式来控制交流电动机的电力控制设备。
变频器主要由整流(交流变直流)、滤波、逆变(直流变交流)、制动单元、驱动单元、检测单元微处理单元等组成。变频器靠内部IGBT的开断来调整输出电源的电压和频率,根据电机的实际需要来提供其所需要的电源电压,进而达到节能、调速的目的,另外,变频器还有很多的保护功能,如过流、过压、过载保护等等。随着工业自动化程度的不断,变频器也得到了非常广泛的应用
变频技术诞生背景是交流电机无级调速的广泛需求。传统的直流调速技术因体积大故障率高而应用受限。
20世纪60年代以后,电力电子器件普遍应用了晶闸管及其升级产品。但其调速性能远远无法满足需要。1968年以丹佛斯为代表的高技术企业开始批量化生产变频器,开启了变频器工业化的新时代。
20世纪70年代开始,脉宽调制变压变频(PWM-VVVF)调速的研究得到突破,20世纪80年代以后微处理器技术的完善使得优化算法得以容易的实现。
20世纪80年代中后期,美、日、德、英等发达国家的 VVVF变频器技术实用化,商品投入市场,得到了广泛应用。 早的变频器可能是日本人买了英国研制的。不过美国和德国凭借电子元件生产和电子技术的优势,产品迅速抢占市场。 [3]
相比较国外变频器的发展状况,我国的变频器应用起步较晚,直到20世纪90年代末期才得到较为广泛的推广。国内变频技术发展状况,可以概括为:变频器的整体技术相对落后,和国外在变频调速研宄上取得的成果比,存在着较大的差距;变频器使用的核心部件技术,目前来说,变频器的生产中需要的关键功率器件,在国内几乎没有厂家可以生产,导致我们核心技术受制于国外,依靠进口;主要产品集中在低压产品和中低端市场。由于产品可靠性和工艺水平不高,目前国内变频器产品主要面向低压和对性能要求一般的市场,、大功率市场主要被国外大公司占领。
步入21世纪后,国产变频器逐步崛起,现已逐渐抢占市场。上海和深圳成为国产变频器发展的前沿阵地。
变频器组成
General Electric IC3600TSUC1A Amplifier -
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