6ES7810-2CC03-0YX0 亿佳真好
高压软起动
社会发展是有阶段性的。在不同阶段,人们的生产手段、生产工具和生活用品都有很大的不同。上世纪80~90年代,中国的经济实力尚较薄弱,当时的小水泥和小钢铁发展很快,1000kW~4000kW电机的应用增长很快,与当时的经济基础相适应的液态起动装置出现,它经济实用,解决了电机起动中的一些问题。对当时的经济发展起到了的作用。到世纪之交时期,中国经济实力已有较大的发展,生产手段和生产工具亦有了较大发展,电机容量也有了很大增长,人们开始不满足液态起动装置的低性能,于是晶闸管串联式(固态)软起动装置的应用开始增加,继而又出现了开关变压器式软起动装置和磁饱和电抗器式(磁控)起动装置,变频装置用于电机软起动的情况也越来越多,当前这四种产品是大型电机起动市场的主流产品,液态起动装置则应用在小型(5000kW以下)电机上较多。另外,两种老式起动方法(自耦变压器和变压器-电动机组)也常常出现在20000kW以下电机的起动上。
大型电机驱动的设备一般都是企业的核心设备,直接影响企业的生产状况,因此人们应该对其起动给予特别的关注,合理的选择起动装置将给企业带来很大的经济效益。但是电机起动技术毕竟不是一个企业的核心技术,许多企业的电气工作者很少有时间来研究各种起动方法之间的差别,往往会造成不恰当的选择,有时甚至不得不做出第二次选择,给企业造成不应有的损失。因此,如实地说明各种起动方法的性能及其差别是非常重要的。为此我们在这方面做抛砖之尝试,如有不完善和不妥之处,望不吝添金加玉。
引起电网电压波动,影响同电网其它设备的运行
交流电动机在全压直接起动时,起动电流会达到额定电流的4~7倍,当电机的容量相对较大时,该起动电流会引起电网电压的急剧下降,影响同电网其它设备的正常运行。
软起动时,起动电流一般为额定电流的2~3倍,电网电压波动率一般在10%以内,对其它设备的影响非常小。
⒉对电网的影响
对电网的影响主要表现在两个方面:
①超大型电机直接起动的大电流对电网的冲击几乎类似于三相短路对电网的冲击,常常会引发功率振荡,使电网失去稳定。
②起动电流中含有大量的高次谐波,会与电网电路参数引起高频谐振,造成继电保护误动作、自动控制失灵等故障。
软起动时起动电流大幅度降低,以上影响可完全免除。
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