西门子6ES7193-4CB70-0AA0 制动单元
主电路是给异步电动机提供调压调频电源的电力变换部分,变频器的主电路大体上可分为两类:电压型是将电压源的直流变换为交流的变频器,直流回路的滤波是电容。电流型是将电流源的直流变换为交流的变频器,其直流回路滤波是电感。它由三部分构成,将工频电源变换为直流功率的“整流器”,吸收在变流器和逆变器产生的电压脉动的“平波回路”,以及将直流功率变换为交流功率的“逆变器“。
大量使用的是二管的变流器,它把工频电源变换为直流电源。也可用两组晶体管变流器构成可逆变流器,由于其功率方向可逆,可以进行再生运转。
平波回路
在整流器整流后的直流电压中,含有电源6倍频率的脉动电压,此外逆变器产生的脉动电流也使直流电压变动。为了抑制电压波动,采用电感和电容吸收脉动电压(电流)。装置容量小时,如果电源和主电路构成器件有余量,可以省去电感采用简单的平波回路。
逆变器
同整流器相反,逆变器是将直流功率变换为所要求频率的交流功率,以所确定的时间使6个开关器件导通、关断就可以得到3相交流输出。以电压型pwm逆变器为例示出开关时间和电压波形。
控制电路是给异步电动机供电(电压、频率可调)的主电路提供控制信号的回路,它有频率、电压的“运算电路”,主电路的“电压、电流检测电路”,电动机的“速度检测电路”,将运算电路的控制信号进行放大的“驱动电路”,以及逆变器和电动机的“保护电路”组成。
(1)运算电路:将外部的速度、转矩等指令同检测电路的电流、电压信号进行比较运算,决定逆变器的输出电压、频率。
(2)电压、电流检测电路:与主回路电位隔离检测电压、电流等。
(3)驱动电路:驱动主电路器件的电路。它与控制电路隔离使主电路器件导通、关断。
(4)速度检测电路:以装在异步电动机轴机上的速度检测器(tg、plg等)的信号为速度信号,送入运算回路,根据指令和运算可使电动机按指令速度运转。
(5)保护电路:检测主电路的电压、电流等,当发生过载或过电压等异常时,为了防止逆变器和异步电动机损坏。
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